Trading Glossary: Key Terms & Definitions

Below are commonly-used trading terms in crypto and traditional markets. Each term includes a brief definition to help users understand core concepts quickly.


Altcoin
Any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin.
Ask Price
The lowest price a seller is willing to accept
Arbitrage
Profiting from price differences across markets
Bear Market
A market trend where prices are falling
Bid Price
The highest price a buyer will pay
Bid-Ask Spread
The difference between bid and ask prices.
Block
A set of transactions recorded on a blockchain.
Blockchain
Decentralized ledger of linked blocks.
Bull Market
Market trend with rising prices.
Crypto Commodity
A token representing a commodity or backed asset.
Consensus
Protocol for agreeing on a blockchain's state.
DeFi
Decentralized finance services on public blockchains.
Exchange
Platform to buy, sell, or trade crypto assets.
Fibonacci Strategy
Trading approach based on Fibonacci retracement levels.
Fill or Kill (FOK)
An order executed immediately in full or cancelled.
HODL
Hold crypto long-term; acronym for "hold on for dear life".
Limit Order
Order to buy or sell at a specified price.
Leverage
Using borrowed funds to increase trade size.
Liquidity
Ease of buying or selling without affecting price.
Market Order
Order executed immediately at current market price.
Market Maker
An entity providing liquidity via continuous buy/sell orders.
Market Taker
An entity that consumes existing liquidity via market orders.
Momentum
Indicator of price trend strength or speed.
Mempool
Pool of unconfirmed blockchain transactions.
Perpetual Futures
Derivative contracts without expiry, settled continuously.
Pump and Dump
Fraudulent scheme inflating price then selling off.
Slippage
Difference between expected and executed trade price.
Smart Contract
Self-executing contract stored on a blockchain.
Stablecoin
Cryptocurrency pegged to fiat or other assets.
Swing Trading
Short-term trades held over days/weeks to capture gains.
Token
Digital asset created on a blockchain.
Volatility
Measure of price variation intensity.
VWAP
Volume-Weighted Average Price indicator.
Wallet
Tool for storing public/private crypto keys.
Whale
A trader or entity holding large amounts of crypto.
Whitepaper
Formal documentation describing a crypto project.
Activity Risk
Risk due to operational errors or system issues.
Algorithmic Trading
Automated trading using preprogrammed strategies.
Annualized Return
Yearly percentage gain based on investment performance.
Anti-Money Laundering (AML)
Regulations to prevent illicit financial flows.
Arbitrage Bot
A bot executing arbitrage opportunities automatically.
At-the-Money (ATM)
An option whose strike price is equal to the underlying asset.
Auction Market
Market where prices are determined through bidding.
Backfill
Historical data used to fill missing records.
Bar
A visual representation in charting, showing OHLC data.
Basis Point (bps)
One one-hundredth of a percent (0.01%).
Beta
Measure of an asset’s volatility relative to the market.
Blockchain Explorer
Tool for viewing on-chain transaction data.
Breakout
Price moves beyond resistance or support level.
Broker
Entity that facilitates buy/sell orders to the market.
Brute Force Attack
Cycling through many guesses to breach credentials.
Carry Trade
Strategy exploiting rate differentials between currencies.
CFD
Contract For Difference, derivative allowing trading on price changes.
Centralized Exchange (CEX)
Platform like Binance managing custodied assets.
Certificate of Deposit (CD)
Time-bound bank deposit with fixed return.
Chart Pattern
Observable formation in price charts used for analysis.
Clearing
Settlement process post-trade between parties.
Cone of Uncertainty
Range projecting potential future price paths.
Correlation
Statistical measure of how two assets move together.
Cross-Exchange Bot
A bot trading across multiple exchanges simultaneously.
Dark Pool
Private trading venue with hidden orders.
Day Trading
Opening and closing positions within a single day.
Dead Cat Bounce
Temporary price rise after steep decline.
Decentralized Exchange (DEX)
Non-custodial on-chain exchange.
Derivative
Financial instrument deriving value from an underlying asset.
Diffusion
Spread of price changes gradually across markets.
Discount Rate
Interest rate used to present-value future cash flows.
Drawdown
Peak-to-trough decline in an investment account.
Dummy Order
Test order executed to verify system connectivity.
Efficient Market Hypothesis
Theory that asset prices reflect all known information.
Entry Signal
Indicator triggering a trade initiation.
Exit Signal
Indicator triggering a trade closure.
Exchange API
Programmatic interface for trading and data access.
Exposure
Total amount at risk in active positions.
Fair Value
Theoretically correct price based on fundamentals.
Fill Price
Actual price at which a trade executes.
Funding Rate
Fee paid between longs/shorts in perpetual futures.
Gaussian Distribution
Bell-shaped probability distribution of returns.
Grid Bot
Bot placing regular buy/sell orders across price levels.
Hedging
Reducing risk by offsetting potential losses.
High-Frequency Trading (HFT)
Extremely fast algorithmic trading.
Hot Wallet
Crypto wallet connected to the Internet for trading.
Hydrostatic
Indicator measuring network congestion in crypto, e.g. gas fees.
Impermanent Loss
Loss from providing liquidity vs. holding assets.
Indicator
Mathematical tool for predicting market movements.
Initial Margin
Collateral required to open a leveraged position.
Integration Risk
Failure in system interoperability causing issues.
Institutional Investor
Large organizations-investing large sums.
Intraday
Term referring to within one trading day.
Investment Grade
High-quality, low-risk asset classification.
KYC (Know Your Customer)
Verification process for compliance.
Leverage Ratio
Ratio of borrowed funds to own capital.
Limit Down/Up
Maximum price movement cap per session.
Liquidity Pool
Funds locked in DEX for trading and swaps.
Long Position
Buying expecting price to rise.
Mark Price
Calculated fair price for margin/liquidation.
Margin Call
Demand for additional collateral to maintain position.
Market Cap
Total market value of a cryptocurrency.
Market Depth
Volume available at various price levels.
Mean Reversion
Price returning to its average over time.
Middleware
Software layer enabling Bot ↔ API communication.
Minimum Tick
Smallest price movement increment.
Mobile API Key
Restricted key only allowing mobile-level access.
Mission Critical
Systems whose failure would cause severe loss.
Monte Carlo Simulation
Testing strategies under random market conditions.
Momentum Straddle
Options strategy capturing directional moves.
Multi-Exchange Bot
Bot trading simultaneously on multiple platforms.
Nonce
Unique number ensuring request authenticity.
Node
Computer running blockchain software.
Notification Service
Component sending alerts to phone/email.
Off-Chain Transaction
Trades recorded outside the blockchain.
On-Chain
Transactions recorded on the blockchain.
Order Book
List of active buy and sell orders.
OTC (Over‑the‑Counter)
Direct trades between two parties, off-exchange.
Overfitting
Strategy tuned too tightly to historical data.
Paper Trading
Simulation trading without real money.
Payoff Diagram
Graph showing profit/loss vs. price movement.
PnL (Profit and Loss)
Total realized and unrealized gains/losses.
Position
Holdings in a security or asset.
Position Sizing
Determining trade size based on risk.
Precise Trading
Trading focusing on small price movements.
Protocol Risk
Risk of failure in smart contract code.
Quote Currency
Currency in which value of asset is quoted.
Real Money (Fiat)
Government-issued currency like USD.
Rebalancing
Adjusting portfolio to target allocation.
Rehypothecation
Reuse of client assets by brokers.
Regulatory Risk
Potential losses due to legal changes.
Rent-Seeking Behavior
Extracting value without contributing.
Resilience
Ability to maintain operations under stress.
Rollback
Reversing incorrect or failed operations.
ROI (Return on Investment)
Gain or loss percentage over invested amount.
Run Extension
Automatic bot restart on error or crash.
Sandbox
Secure testing environment separate from production.
Scalping
Making many small trades for incremental gains.
Scheduled Task
Automated operations (e.g., daily scans).
Session Token
Short-lived authentication token for API sessions.
Shadow Ban
Sneaky API usage limitation by exchanges.
Signature
Cryptographic proof of API request authenticity.
Smart Stop‑Loss
Trailing stop-loss that locks profits automatically.
Soft Fork
Blockchain protocol change backward-compatible.
Solid Liquidity
High volume ensuring low slippage.
Social Trading
Copying strategies of other traders.
Solidity
Programming language for Ethereum smart contracts.
Spot Market
Market for immediate asset settlement.
Spread Trading
Simultaneous buy/sell to profit from differential.
Standard Deviation
Statistical measure of return dispersion.
Stochastic Oscillator
Indicator comparing closing price to range.
Stop-Limit Order
Order that turns into limit upon price trigger.
Support and Resistance
Price levels preventing further direction moves.
Switch‑Mode Bot
Bot that switches strategies based on conditions.
Symbol Pair
Two assets representing a trading pair (e.g., BTC/USDT).
Systemd Service
Linux service for managing bot as background daemon.
Takeover Risk
Loss due to hostile acquisition or fork.
Technical Analysis
Price and volume-based forecasting technique.
Tokenomics
Economic model of token supply and valuation.
Trailing Stop
Stop-loss that moves as price moves.
Transaction Fee
Cost incurred for executing trades.
Transfer Function
Mathematical model of trading system response.
Trend Line
Line showing current trajectory of prices.
Triangular Arbitrage
Profits earned by exploiting three-symbol price mismatch.
Trigger Level
Threshold causing pre-defined actions or trades.
TWAP
Time-Weighted Average Price algorithmic benchmark.
Uniswap
Popular decentralized automated market maker (AMM).
Uptrend
Market characterized by rising prices.
Validation
Confirming correctness of transactions or data.
Vault
Secure smart contract storage for funds.
Volatility Index (VIX)
Measure of market fear or risk.
Volume
Number of units traded over a period.
Wallet Address
Public identifier to receive cryptocurrency.
Whitelist
List of trusted IPs or accounts allowed access.
Withdrawal Fee
Fee charged to move funds off-exchange.
XLM
Stellar's native cryptocurrency tickerexample.
Yield Farming
Strategy to earn by staking or lending crypto.
Zero-Knowledge Proof
Cryptographic method preserving secrecy while proving truth.